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Core minimal pairs

Core minimal pairs for /ɔ/

/ɔ/ has rounded lips, tongue mid-back. In many US accents, /ɔ/ merges with /ɑ/ (cot-caught merger).

Practice these minimal pairs carefully. If the pair sounds the same in your recording, you're not making the contrast.

Your goal

  1. Say each pair slowly first — exaggerate the difference.
  2. Then say each pair at natural speed with the contrast preserved.
  3. Record and self-check.
/ɔ/open-mid back roundedArticulator diagram · regional variants · drill ↗

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caught
bought
dawn

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Core minimal pairs — Master the /ɔ/ vowel — THOUGHT